Sex Harassment And Sexual Harassment - 858 Words

Introduction- Within this piece of work I will explain the following document about sexual harassment and describe the differences between the comparisons of how it effect’s the life’s of them who have experienced the horrors of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is a type of bullying, stereo-typically towards a woman requesting for sexual favours and acts in a verbal way it is stated by rape crisis London that within their research they found that it is â€Å" Estimates suggest that half of women in employment have been subjected to sexual harassment† (Rape Crisis London). This can often be found in a workplace whereas for example, a person of a higher role such as a manager could offer one of his female employees a promotion if she is willing to engage in his sexually unwelcome behaviour or making comments about her sex life which can cause a hostile workplace environment. Sexual harassment is defined as an unwelcome behaviour of a sexual nature and when in a workplace can be referred to as quid pro quo, which basically means ‘you give me what I want, I’ll give you what you want’. It is believed that â€Å"Sexual misconduct has emerged as a widespread problem throughout the criminal justice system as indicated by law enforcement officer sexual assault incidents in various cities and the findings of the recent National Prison Rape Elimination Act Research Commission† (Implications for Criminal Justice from the 2002 and 2006 Department of Defense Gender Relations and SexualShow MoreRelatedSex Harassment And Sexual Harassment92 9 Words   |  4 PagesAnita F. Hill s accusations of sexual harassment in hearings on Clarence Thomas s Supreme Court nomination, the story underscores a picture that is emerging from extensive research on such harassment: it has less to do with sex than with power. It is a way to keep women in their place; through harassment men devalue a woman s role in the work place by calling attention to her sexuality. Sexual harassment is a subtle rape, and rape is more about fear than sex, said Dr. John Gottman, a psychologistRead MoreSexual Harassment Is A Form Of Sex Discrimination1547 Words   |  7 PagesSection One: Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title Vll of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. AAUW, describes sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of nature. (Know Your Rights at Work: Workplace Sexual Harassment: AAUW, n.d.) The Title Vll is a federal law in which prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religionRead MoreBrilliant Lies by David Williamson shows that sexual harassment is a twisted combination of sex and power.855 Words   |  3 PagesBrilliant Lies by David Williamson shows that sexual harassment is a twisted combination of sex and power. Susy Conner uses sex to gain power, Gary Fitzgerald uses power to gain sex and Brian Conner was too drunk to realise his abuse of both power and sexual harassment. All of these characters wanted something and they all thought they knew how to get it by using either sex or power, or a little of each. Susy has always relied on her looks and sex appeal to get her by and to gain power. She usedRead MoreEssay on Same Sex Harassment1650 Words   |  7 PagesSame Sex Harassment Imagine that you are in the shower of the gym at work and three co-workers enter, then hold you down to the ground while rubbing their genitalia across your bare skin. No matter what the circumstance you would find this behavior appalling and disgusting. Now think to yourself if every person involved had been a male. Would you say that they were just horsing around? I hope not. The attitude of American society and legal culture regarding sexual harassment has changedRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace990 Words   |  4 Pagesyou are friends with your coworkers. But what happens when coworkers talk about other coworkers in a sexual context. Two male coworkers talking about female staff where coworkers in the area can hear. Your manager suggests that they can help you earn a promotion if you go out with them. This puts employees in awkward situations where they might not know if this is considered sexual harassment. If it is, an employee maybe unsure what to do about it. According to the U.S. Equal Employment OpportunityRead MoreSexual Harassment At Ghana And Tanzania1577 Words   |  7 PagesSexual harassment is a very delicate topic that is affecting globally for too many years all around the world. Sexual harassment is happening everywhere including our universities. There are a lot of different types of sexual harassment. We as people must be equity with everybody. We cannot abuse of others. Follow the law and respect others. According to â€Å"L. Morley research in Ghana and Tanzania (Africa)† says that a lot of women’s students all around the world are reporting of sexual harassmentRead MoreSexual Harassment At The Workplace Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, there has been an increase in the attention given to sexual harassment at the work place. Unnecessary and unwanted sexual attention between women and men in the workplace has been there for a very long time in the past. For many years, this unwanted sexual attention has been categorized as a natural form of male/female interaction. However, this has changed as women have become more involved in organizations. Thoughts and feelings about the acceptability of this behavior are rapidlyRead MoreSex in the Workplace1539 Words   |  7 PagesDoes Sex Have a Place in the Workplace? The purpose for this term paper is to review the issues of sexual harassment in the workplace. As the workforce and diversity in the workforce increase, sexual harassment has a higher chance to occur. I will discuss how sexual harassment is viewed, what constitutes sexual harassment, ways to prevent it from happening, the cause of sexual harassment, the conduct, consequences, types, laws, how it should be handled in the workplace and also give my view points Read MoreEssay on Sexual Harassment in the Workplace1398 Words   |  6 PagesSexual harassment can be described as any unwanted sexual comments or unwanted sexual advances. People think that in a sexual harassment situation that the offender is always a male but that is not the case, females can also be the harasser. There can be several incidents where a male is sexually harassing a female, female harassing a male, female harassing a female, or a male harassing a male. When sexual harassment occurs it can make any situation u ncomfortable, especially if the advances are unwelcomeRead MoreSexual Harassment in the Workplace Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesSexual Harassment has been very problematic issue in the workplaces. It occurs everywhere in the world. Throughout the history, many women have suffered from unsolicited sexual behaviors, usually provoked by their employers. However, according to the article The Complicated World of Same Sex Sexual Harassment, found on the website: a href=http://www.ballardspahr.com/press/article.asp?ID=160,http://www.ballardspahr.com/press/article.asp?ID=160,/a the harasser can be of the same gender as

Essay on Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural...

Evolution. Is it a fact or fiction? Darwin’s theory has had a great impact on the world today. It has caused many debates between religious authorities and those from the scientific community. This theory prompted individuals to think about the origin of life in the universe. What distinguishes Charles Darwin from the others is the fact that he collected and provided substantial evidences and he related various branches of science such as geology, botany and biology, which helped, validate his theories. His theory of natural selection as stated by Nelson and Jurmain (1991, p.606) in the modern form is that the evolutionary factor causes changes in allele frequencies in populations due to differential net reproductive success of†¦show more content†¦It was not until the publication of Charles Darwins The Origin of Species that the discussion of evolution was revived. When non-biologists talk about biological evolution they often confuse two different aspects of the definition. On the one hand there is the question of whether or not modern organisms have evolved from older ancestral organisms or whether modern species are continuing to change over time. On the other hand there are questions about the mechanism of the observed changes... how did evolution occur? Biologists consider the existence of biological evolution to be a fact. It can be demonstrated today and the historical evidence for its occurrence in the past is overwhelming. However, biologists readily admit that they are less certain of the exact mechanism of evolution; there are several theories of the mechanism of evolution. EVOLUTION AND FOSSIL RECORD In the study of human evolution, two main methods of dating are used:  · Carbon-14 and potassium-argon dating. Carbon-14 dating involves the decay of radioactive C-14, which has a half-life of 5770 years. This makes this method useful for dating of recent fossils, with good accuracy, up to 50,000 years back. After 5770 years, half of the carbon-14 in a fossil decays to nitrogen-14. Since the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in a living organism remains the same as in the environment around them because the organism constantly eats and replenishes it, if it were to die, theShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesDarwin is considered by other people as the creator of Evolution. Darwin was not the only man to arrive at the theory of evolution. Darwin came to his theory of evolution at the same time as an another man who goes by the name of Alfred Russell Wallace came to the same conclusion. Wallace being relatively unknown was not respected for having the same conclusion because the fac t that people were so apt to listen to the theory’s of Charles Darwin. After time Darwin published a book On the OriginRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1832 Words   |  8 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other than Mendellson and his studies with genetics, Darwin has by far contributed the most to our modern science. From his theories on variation of species to his explanation of natural selection Charles Darwin has shocked the world by proving the world older than previously thought and creatures not immutable. In this present day these theories are as common belief as a simple mathematical equation such as two plus two equals four; but in the year eighteen hundred and fifty nine DarwinRead MoreEssay on Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection529 Words   |  3 Pages Charles Darwins theory of evolution centres on the idea that species compete to survive, and favorable characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next. Darwin said that evolution took place by a process of natural selection or survival of the fittest. This meant that the animals and plants best suited to their surroundings survived and were able to pass on their genes to their offspring. The ones that werent best suited died off and didnt get theRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pages When the name Charles Darwin is uttered, an immediate association brings about the concept of Evolution. Although he was not the first to discover this phenomenon, he was the first to explain it. In his book, The Origin of Species, Darwin discusses evolution- through variation, why it occurs, the struggle for existence, natural selection, the geological record, and several other topics. This book brought him great recognition as well as many violent attacks. It was written inRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesexplorers have made attempts to try to answer this question. Charles Darwin was one of these people. Darwin led a full life of exploration, and during these adventures, he accumulated much information about evolution. He met many explorers that had various ideas of their own about how man evolved. In discussion with these people, he figured out if what they were telling him was fact or fiction. This helped him to formulate his own theory. Curiosity was aroused in Darwin at a very young ageRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1986 Words   |  8 Pagesof his chief work, quot;The Origin of Speciesquot;, Charles Darwin may still be considered the most controversial scientist in the world. His name is synonymous with the debate that continues to swirl around the theory of evolution, a theory that deeply shook the Western view of humanity and its place in the world. We tend to speak simply of the theory of evolution, leaving off the explanatory phrase, quot;through natural selection.quot; At most, perhaps, the general public has heardRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1793 Words   |  8 Pageswas Charles Darwin. Darwin was the most accomplished of these men because he was able to put forth a logical conjecture that was based upon facts and observations. This theory, for a short time, was able to end the feud among educated men because many now put their trust in this new â€Å"theory of evolution†. Unfortunately, this revolutionary new theory threatened the religious beliefs about creation and soon a new rivalry emerged between the creationists and evolutionists. According to Charles DarwinRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pageswho had proposed a theory of evolution based on a continuous process of gradual modification due to acquired characteristics. Both Darwin and Wallace brought together a multitude of facts including the geographical distribution of organisms, comparative morphology of living organisms and their fossil precursors. They postulated that long-term environmental changes including movement of land masses and changes in climate could have served in the process of natural selection over many generationsRead MoreLamarcks Influence Upon Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection1928 Words   |  8 Pagesideas on the theory of evolution. Some simply take our existence for granted, others prefer to explain all evolution in terms of the bible and the presence of a God. However, there are those who have researched the topic of evolution and have offered an explanation as to where a species comes from and how they evolved in the manner that they did. This type of science has been studied for a very long time, and one of the most famous minds in the field of evolution was a man named Charles Darwin.Read MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1173 Words   |  5 Pages It is time to start believing. Evolutionary theories were first proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century, and 150 years later, these ideas are still being studied and proven today. Charles Darwin set the basis for these discoveries. Natural Selection and survival of the fittest are two examples of evolution. Charles Darwin once exclaimed, â€Å"It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.† This

Official Winter Break Essay Free Essays

However, even though Columbus did not discover the Americas first, European Exploration still had a ore immense impact within their world and our modern world today. One of the major reasons the European Exploration turned out to have a much bigger impact in history’ than any other exploration is due to the formation Of the European Exchange. Thanks to the exchange many goods had been traded and thus the creation of many foodstuff as well as other materials such as tobacco and crops. We will write a custom essay sample on Official Winter Break Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The European Exchange is one of the major reasons that the European Exploration is recognized above all other explorations. The trade between these countries lead to many others to come o Europe for valuable resources and Europe began to expand and grow, not only due to the newly conquered land, but to the new people that were coming for the resources. I believe that this is because of how large this was on the scale and the explorers prior to the Europeans never made a big deal rather they just kept moving on and missed an opportune chance. European Exploration also overshadows the other explorations as the fact that they were more ruthless and willing to do anything in their power to expand their religion, obtain more gold, and be glorified for their actions. Their actions lead to them to enslave and slay the natives of the New World whether by accident (disease). Their sheer numbers had overwhelmed many places that they conquered and changed the society of the people around them. Native Americans turned into Catholics and lived the same way as the Europeans. Other countries, such as China, used Ghent Hajj was took on more of a peaceful approach yet not to an extent. China used the tribute system which enforced their power on the land nearby, whereas Vocal De Gamma, a European explorer, enslaved and killed hundreds to capture ports for Portugal to trade. Their ways were very much similar, however Europeans were more ruthless and quicker and thus their influence was more massive and swifter which is why their influence is still active today. Rupee’s strength was not solely the reason why its influence was so solid- some states like. How to cite Official Winter Break Essay, Essays

Applying For The Post Of Sales Executive †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How TO Applying For The Post Of Sales Executive? Answer: A highly reputed company Woolworths in Australia has shown the requirement of few sales executives. Following are some key requirements, which the opening requires: Key Job Requirements: The interested candidate must have successful track in the customer service jobs preferably in face-to-face sales jobs Aspiring candidate must have his or her adequacy to the companys objective in order to justify his or her candidature Capability to interact with the customers with ease Ability to convert into sales by inspiring customers through a unique way of selling such as understanding the customer journey map Candidate must be self-motivated, structured and proactive 3-4 years of experience in handling the customers physically at some reputed retail market in Australia Basic Requirements: Must be a graduate from a recognised university Must have fluent communication skills Efficiency to communicate in all the possible ways such as face-to-face, written and presentational Candidate should have its own conveyancr else you would lose the chance to work with one of the countrys most prestigious company. Cover letter I am scripting this cover letter in response to the advertisement that programmed on your website. The job advertisement was regarding Sales Executive. I am feeling excited to convey my interest in the requirements listed for the opening. I am confident for the financialposition because I have all the requisite skills in me that match with the mentioned requirements. I have more than 3 years of experience working as a Sales Executive in a retail market in Australia. I had many responsibilities there in my past candidature, which also include interacting with the customers. The manger in my last organisation was pleased of my upselling techniques. I was able to convert customers, as I am capable in understanding the customers interest. I used to assist an average of 50 customers every day in selecting for the products. I also used to recommend few other products, which also yielded significant revenues to my company. I would like to understand the requirement of your offered job if I am allowed for the interview. I would love to come for the interview at any time according to your I am keen to learn new things. A particular attitude of mine has helped me immense in my previous participation with a retail company in New South Wales. Such learning appetite has helped me a lot, which helped me groom as an effective professional in sales. I had worked with the company for more than three years. This simply tells the faith, which my previous company had in me. I can effectively understand the customers requirement and can easily recommend them the most suitable thing that meets their requirement. I am capable to build up a positive relationship with customers, which also helped me in converting non-potential customers into sales. Career History Worked as a Sales Executive with a retail company in Melbourne for more than three years Establishing a peaceful atmosphere for customers, which is very important for changing their perception Guiding customers if they enquire about particular zone Recommending various other offers, which has also helped me convert them into sales Noting down all the sales in my own made excel sheet in my tablet I am very patient and can control my nerve if a customer gets rude Maintaining the highest standard of ethicality was one of my identities in my previous candidature Keeping myself calm during odd situations such as when customers gets rude, has helped me convert even such customers into sales Adaptability and flexibility to the working nature are two strong characteristics that has helped me sustain for more than three years in my last organisation until I resigned from the jo One page summary of the selected company The selected company for the post of Sales Executive is Woolworths in Australia. The company is a renowned super market chain in Australia. It along with Coles forms the duopoly in the Australian retail market (Keith 2012). Product line includes fresh groceries, vegetables, packaged foods, magazines, DVDs and other stationary items. Woolworths was the first variety store across the globe when it introduced the machine to print the receipt and register the cash in the year 1926. One of the biggest achievements in the history of the company has happened in the year 1985 when Woolworths took over Safeway Australia. Safeway had its stores in Victoria and Queensland, which all were rebranded after the acquisition of Safeway Australia. The rebranding business process took approximately around 54 years, which also ended the Safeway brand in Australia. The acquisition has helped immensely to the company to grow in its stores outlet. The year 1987 marked another achievement for the company w hen it used Fresh Food People as a marketing campaign. The campaign still exists however, it has added some additional product in its product line up. This campaign has helped the brand to connect to the Australian people. They delivered the campaign with utmost dedication. They worked closely with Australian farmers to ensure the fulfilment of campaign. The purity and freshness is delivered in their offerings, which include approximately 100% fresh vegetables, fruits and meat. Loyalty scheme was another important achievement for the company, which it used effectively to capture their target market. They tied up with Caltex and offered discounted prices to those customers that have loyalty schemes with them at the Caltex Woolworths petrol stations. This was an interesting move from the company, which also helped the brand in capturing a significant customer base. The cAnswer:e app with a name Woolworths Supermarket App (Humayun 2016). They enabled customers to get their required thi ngs delivered to their kitchen bench. The initiated app has further strengthened its connectivity with their customers. Woolworths has used some strategies, which has enable them connect to the needs of Australian people. They are local and proved this better that they belong to local customers. Despite all the competition from other brands such as Coles, Aldi, the company has preserved its position in the market. References Humayun, S.H., 2016. Merchandising operation of Woolworths Global Sourcing. Keith, S., 2012. Coles, Woolworths and the local.Locale: The Australasian-Pacific Journal of Regional Food Studies,2, management.

SOC 320 Reflective Essay (1) Essays - , Term Papers

SOC 320: Social Work Practice II Assignment - Community Project Reflective Essay DUE May 1, 2018 by 12:00 pm Michelle Glaser 4-14-18 This is a reflective paper worth 100 points total. In this essay, I want you to reflect on your experience with the community project with Aspire writing subjectively (from your point of view) including the following: Make connections between themselves, class lectures and the activities participated in with Aspire. Think about what you have learned and how you will use the newly acquired information. Explore how you have changed from this project, developed or grown from the experience. My experience with Aspire has been one of surprises, expectations, scared of residents, and realizations. I have found that I was very surprised about what Aspire does and what I expected. I did not realize that Aspire had so many different house, with diverse types of residents. The demographics of the clientele has shackled me/ I was able to ask a lot of questions about what the staff at Aspire residential center was. I had no idea that the residents at the Aspire center did such beautiful artwork and crafts. The talent amazed me. Some of the residents were very open and almost childlike. I could not help finding an attachment to them. The aspire houses were what I expected. I was not happy to see that. I saw clients at some houses that were left alone for the entire time were we at the home. I also saw people just sitting in chairs or made to take part when it was obvious that they were uncomfortable when it was obvious that the residents were not happy with the added people in th eir home. A few of the houses the staff seemed invested in the clients. There were other homes where we just sat with the residents because no one was around to supervise any interactions with the cliental. I would not be a very happy person if I saw my granddaughter in a situation like that. The new policy that says the State will now tell the homes what to make and what an adequate part is. This to me is wrong. The residents up too now had a choice in their food selections. Now they are told what to make and what to eat. These individuals are paying to live in these homes. Some had no family, some had families that wanted nothing to do with them and some had what I call the "Pity visit" They come to see their loved one when they feel they absolutely must. Like an obligation, like going to the dentist. I would love to see a big brother/sister type program for the disabled or impaired. To have to pay to be in a place like this and be told what you will do. How you will do it, and wh en you will do it. This is not right, as least in my opinion. I get that this is the way that things must be to be able to keep the doors open at these centers. I just think that there needs to be some major policy changes. This type of organizations is defiantly needed, but I feel we are taking advantage of these people and treating them as 2nd class citizens. I could use a lot of the terms and words we learned in the class and I know I am supposed to, but my reflections of this experience I would like to be honest about what I am feeling and I would not use the terms we learned to describe what we saw in the homes. What I have learned is that the residents at the Aspire center are truly wonderful creative people. The crafts that they do are so creative and beautiful. The staff is just wonderful with the clients. We all have a picture in our heads of what these places look like and what happens in them. What I found at the center was a wonderful, warm. Inviting, and creative environment. The residents loved the company and different faces. They were all so helpful and informative. The one thing I was not aware of is how much Aspire

EOC Study Guide Essay

EOC Study Guide Essay EOC Study Guide Essay Jocelyn Hochsztein 4/28/14 P.2 E.O.C Exam Study Guide 1. A chromosomal disorder is a chromosome anomaly, abnormality, or aberration is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA. 2. Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosome pairs or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. An example is Pallister-Killian syndrome. 3. A human cell contains twenty-three pairs of autosomal chromosomes. 4. A human cell contains two sex chromosomes. 5. The components of a DNA molecule consist of two separate strands of DNA running in opposite directions. The three major components in each strand are Deoxyribose, a sugar (notably lacking an oxygen compared to Ribose, which is found in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nucleotide. In the case of DNA, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, or Thymine. 6. DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. 7. Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. 8. The components of an RNA molecule are a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and ribose sugar. 9. The different RNA molecules are iRNA (interference RNA), RNA interference (RNAi), tmRNA, and Piwi-interacting RNAs. 10. The product of transcription is a strand of messenger RNA. 11. There are several classes of mutations. These include substitution, insertion, deletion, and frameshift. 12. Usually when codons code for the same amino acid, one of the three nucleotide sequences are slightly different. For example, let's say you have AAT and AAC. Without looking at a table of amino acids, you can probably interpret that these two codons code for the same amno acid. But if you have two codons like GGC and AGT, these two are completely unrelated and will not code for the same amino acid. 13. DNA carries the genetic information of a cell and consists of thousands of genes. Each gene serves as a recipe on how to build a protein molecule. Proteins perform important tasks for the cell functions or serve as building blocks. The flow of information from the genes determines the protein composition and thereby the functions of the cell. 14. Selective breeding is simply the process of a breeder developing a cultivated breed over time and then selecting which ones are suitable enough to pass on to the next generation and it has a number of benefits. Some of them are that breeders get to choose which animals fit their criteria; hence more of the right kind of animal can be produced, thus making more products. 15. Inbreeding often causes recessive mutation and diseases of the offspring. 16. The ultimate source of genetic variability is mutation. It is the only way that new alleles and genes are created. 17. The purpose of genetic engineering is to try to re-arrange the genetic structure of living things to create an outcome, either in appearance, behavior or bio-chemical, that we want or need. 18. It is important to know the DNA sequence of an organism because knowing the sequence of an organism's DNA allows researchers to study specific genes. 19. Gel electrophoresis is a process that is used in order to extract DNA. This has also been used to purify the DNA. The DNA is made to polarize in a particular direction. 20. Most transformed cells die because they are too abnormal to function or are abnormal enough for the body's immune system to destroy them. However, if the factors promoting neoplasia persist, a transformed cell may some day give rise to a clone that does continue to grow. 21. What is meant by â€Å"survival of the fittest† is that individuals that are best equipped to survive and reproduce perpetuate the highest frequency of genes to descendant populations.

Differences between law and equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Differences between law and equity - Essay Example It mainly came out of feudal customs. On the other side Equity came from Roman law and Canon Law. Common law also differs with Equity in the sense that Equity comprised of the principles of rules administered by the Court of Chancery and consisted of that portion of natural justice which, although of a nature suitable for judicial enforcement, was for historical reasons not enforced by the common Law Courts. There is also another difference that the defects and rigidity of the old Common Law gave rise to Equity. Underhill has very well summarized the difference between Common Law and Equity in these words: - "Equity was originally the revolt of Commonsense against the pedantry of Law, and trammels of the feudal system, it became highly artificial refined body of legal principles and is at present day an amendment and modification of the Common Law" 2. The Plaintiff used to go to the Common Law Courts as a matter of right while the person seeking relief in the Court of Chancery humbly prayed for the benefit of the Court's grace by invoking the exercise of its prerogative. Thus, it was the discretion of the equity Court (i.e. Chancery Court) to give remedies to the petitioner or not. 3. 3. In Common law Courts the misconduct of the plaintiff did not disentitle him to claim legal relief but in the Court of Chancery misconduct of the plaintiff was taken as a sufficient ground for the refusal of equitable reliefs. 1. A. Ahmad, Equity and Trusts, p 36 2. Osborne Law dictionaries 3. Ibid. 4. The pronouncement of the Common Law Courts altered the legal title to the property as between the parties to the action but the Chancery Court bound the person only by its decree, directing him to transfer the legal title by executing a conveyance. 5. Common Law sprang from feudal customs, while equity sprang from Roman andCanon law 6. Common Law involved a complicated procedure of tendering evidence. But theCourts of Chancery had no procedural complication evidence. 7. In common law courts, judges used to preside over, while in courts of equity thepresiding officer was the Chancellor being a judge. 8. Common law was generated by the forms of action, and that forms of actioncombined substance and procedure while, a writ, obtained from chancery,structured according to a fixed form, and initiated a cause of action. 9. Common law was rigid and limited while, equity law was flexible. 10. The court of equity flourished independently of the common law courts. "Justice" could be dispensed in Chancery. The most powerful device available to the court of equity was the injunction--to forbid,

All fascists are Nazis. Discuss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

All fascists are Nazis. Discuss - Essay Example The fascists are in favour of acquiring land and resources for a national cause. The acquisition of land and other resources such as labour, capital, etc are the rights of the fascists to establish their dominance over other parts of the world. The fascists believe that the weaker territories and nations could be rightly displaced and captured for expanding the territories of their nation. The fascists demand the supremacy of the state as the highest consideration in their rule. Various fascist leaders such as Mussolini established their supremacy by following the ideology of supremacy of the state (Goldberg 2009, p. 68). The fascist leaders claimed undisputed control by following the principles in which allegiance to the state is the bottom line. The fascist approach brings an end to the class conflicts within the nation and integrates the masses with obedience to the state power. The fascists are proponents of mixed economy in which the private business classes are also allowed to direct the economic progress. The fascists believe in a self-sufficient economy with the factors of production being sufficient to meet the demands of the economy. Such an economy is called a closed economy. The fascists tend to promote a closed economy and building an economy that offers protection to the domestic industries. The protection of domestic industries shields them from foreign competition and reduces the scope of drainage of national wealth. Due to national factors of production meeting the demands of the economy, the circular flow of money is restricted within the boundaries of the country that leads to an integral growth of the national economy. The fascist policies lie in between the approaches of socialism and capitalism. Although fascism allows private capitalists to participate in the process of economic growth, the ideology of a fascist includes belligerent forms of nationalism with not much belief in the foreign factors of production. The fascists believe in mil itarism with the style of living being maintained on the military lines and discipline (Felice and  Ledeen 1976, p. 57). In the left-right spectrum, the position of the fascist lies in the extreme right position. The fascists are opponents of the views of socialism and communism. Nazism is a form of fascism that incorporates the beliefs and ideas of biological racism and anti-Semitism. The Nazis believe in the ideas of racial superiority and consider themselves as the most superior race in the world. The ideology of anti-Semitism held by the Nazis resembles hatred and opposition towards the Jews and the Jewish religion. The Nazism developed in Germany and spread to other places where movements were held by the Nazis before the Second World War. The Nazi ideology is an integral part of the national movements that were held in Germany in the era of post-World War I. In order to fight the dominance of communism and spread the territory of the national boundaries, the Germans who are the proponents of Nazism focussed on establishing a paramilitary force under the reign of Adolf Hitler. The Nazis believed that they are, by far, the most superior race in the world and had the policies of expanding their national boundaries by the acquisition of other weaker states (Grand 2004, p. 49). The growth of industries

Attribution Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Attribution Theory - Essay Example For people to interpret the causes of particular behaviour performed by other individuals, it is necessary for them to observe the behaviour, and attribute external or internal causes to it. Any outside body or agent that triggers or causes the event is an external factor while factors that are within the control of an individual and are a part of his/her personality are the internal factors (Shackleton, 1995). An example of how attribution theory can be applied in our daily lives could be our reaction to, say, having a good social circle. An individual who is a loner and has no friends to talk to will always be found complaining about how the world is so cruel and unjust. This is attributing an external factor to the event. However, a person who is the life of a party and is acquainted with a lot of people will be found claiming that it is so because of his being so attractive and smart. As obvious, this case refers to an internal factor or the factor which is within a person. There are many factors which are related to attribution. The determination of the causes depends on three things (Kelly, 1967). Distinctiveness, the first one, tells whether the person's actions are distinct and different from other situations. The second is consensus, which tells whether other people behave in the same way to the same situation. The third factor is consistency, which finds out whether the individual behaves the same way consistently to the same situation. The theory predicts that whenever there is high distinctiveness, the causes of the behaviour are external and with low distinctiveness, the factors are internal. For consensus, it is an external factor whenever there is a high consensus and an internal factor when the consensus is low. High consistency indicates an internal factor while low consistency depicts an external factor. In fact, when we apply attribution theory, there are two types of errors which can result in distorted attributions. One is the fundamental attribution error and the other is self-serving bias. (1) Fundamental attribution error: It occurs when people overestimate the effects of internal factors while underestimating the effects of external factors when judging the behavior of others (Martinko, 1995.) It is when the actions of people are attributed to their traits and personality rather than the external influence that may have led them to such an action. (2) Self-serving bias: This error, also known as attributional bias, refers to the tendency of individuals to claim responsibility for successes while attributing failures to other causes or factors (Martinko, 1995.) It is just one way of imaging what is pleasing to us rather than the realistic situation. One factor which can be related to this bias is whether there is a reward or punishment proclaimed for certain behavior (Harvey & Smith, 1977). It is suggestd that when we suceed, we tend to overestimate the internal factors which could be our talent and effort and underestimate the external factor which could be the help of others. Yet, if we were failed, we would overestimate the external factors which could be lack of collegue's co-operation, and underestimate the internal factors such as our laziness. This indicates that people would explain the same behavior to events differently if it occurred differently (. Systematic bias: It is a form of self-serving bias and occurs when people generally tend to think that they are better at tasks that are

Difference Between Telecommunication and Mass Media

Difference Between Telecommunication and Mass Media What are the main differences between telecommunications (point-to-point) and mass media (one-to-many)? Compare the two using examples. Telecommunications and mass media are distinguished from one another by a variety of technical, infrastructural, and interactive differences. This essay will, broadly, outline and describe these differences. One of the first points to make, however, is that both forms have their own prehistories and heritage in earlier forms of communication. While â€Å"telecommunications† (point-to-point) and â€Å"mass media† (one-to-many) are defined conventionally and in the contemporary world by telephones and the internet (for example), they also have earlier forms and precedents. Telecommunications emerged properly from early telegraph networks, which, in anticipation of later more global systems, were constituted by a network of nodes (towers), which enabled the sending and receiving (and thus coding and decoding) of messages and information. Similarly, mass media has its own heritage in almost any form of communicated information that had a potentially anonymous and spatially distributed audience; the printing press of the 16th century enabled the steady reproduction of the printed word through block cutting and, latter, movable type. These technologies allowed for the production and dissemination of the first newspapers, broadsides and pamphlets – documents will constitute the first â€Å"mass† conversations of literate society in the early modern period. Broadly speaking, telecommunications are then defined by a number of technical as well as infrastructural or procedural differences. Firstly, they allow for the narrowly focused communication between two locations or persons – in other words, they have focus and, at least in theory, secrecy. Secondly, telecommunications allow for the sending of the message without the physical presence of a message. Because the technology relies on a form of encoding or compression, a translation from a set of words or ideas into a transmittable data stream – such as light, waves or electricity – they do not require the automatic transcription of the message itself. The early optical telegraph required direct line-of-sight to enable this transmission, and for an informed person to be present, in view, in order to decode and reassemble the message from its parts (flashes of light, mechanical patterns, etc). The printing press Thirdly, telecommunications are interactive in so far as they enable a reply to be sent along the same channel, directly from sender to receiver. In this sense, their emphasis is on passing information, but also on receiving a response to that transmission. Over time, however, the spatial notion behind telecommunications has shifted; whereas early forms – such as optical telecommunications – required line of sight over short distances, modern forms, from visible light, waves, and electricity, do not require line of sight, and do not require close spatial proximity. This is a function of the expansion in the infrastructure of telecommunications globally; a telephone call is transmitted and received to a number of mediating nodes – and passed on – before it reaches its target. As such, especially in the modern period, the point-to-point nature and process of telecommunications has become its most important definition. In its earliest ramifications, though, t his could also have a â€Å"public† dimension ; the fire flare chain used to signal the arrival of the Spanish Armada was both a point-to-point transmission (from the signaller to the navy headquarters), but also a public signal – the meaning of the flares was well understood by those who saw it in 1588. Optical beacon; both â€Å"point-to-point† and â€Å"public† Mass media is broadly defined as â€Å"one-to-many† communication. Such a definition, while useful, has its drawbacks and limitations. Namely, that â€Å"media† has different connotations and structures of transmission than the process of broadcasting itself (McQuail, 2010). Whereas a newspaper would be defined as â€Å"media†, it is the process of distribution and receipt that constitute its â€Å"mass† or â€Å"broadcast† element. Furthermore, in the modern sense there is an attachment to the idea of â€Å"mass media† as â€Å"effective, or even affective, media† as a transmission in which the â€Å"many† are actively engaged with and responsive to the â€Å"one†. Broadly speaking, however, mass media is defined by the transmission of information from one point to many potential points. Importantly, however, it does not have to be received; a television can be switched on or off, receiving only parts or elements of a message, without interrupting the primary transmission itself, which is continuous. The same applies for radio communication, which can be broadcast technically and successfully without any receivers picking the message up (such as a radio wave distress call, or the Morse code that was used to signal the sinking of the titanic in 1911). Secondly, point-to-mass communication is public; that is, its message is not intended for a specific individual or location, but for a potentially infinite number of individuals. While telecommunications are used to share private or even secret information (from a personal phone call to a national secret), mass media is characterised by its publicity. While it does not have to be â€Å"received† however, in order to work technically, it still requires receipt and response in order to justify its initial broadcasting. If radio stations or Television Networks had no audience, the financial rationale for their existence would be lost. In this sense, it is much more fluid in terms of content than telecommunications. The third and final distinction of point-to-mass communication from telecommunications is the fact that it is one way. While the networks and nodes of telecommunications infrastructure are set up in such a way that direct interaction is possible, mediums such as TV or radio do not require interaction – they are not targeted at a specific individual. However, mass media is different again from telecommunications in its social implications ; while the telegraph had the social and economic effect of enabling wider trading networks, of influencing diplomacy, and of – at least partially – connecting otherwise distant areas, mass media has an accumulative and far wider social impact. The printing press was linked with the protestant reformation of the 16th and 17th centuries, with the rise of universities, and with the spread of literacy. These had implications not only for culture, but for social relationships and interactions (Isaac and McKay, 2000, 10). Scholars, such as Joshua Meyrowitz, have suggested that such transformations in social life also have psychological implications, where television in the course of the 20th century had a role in enabling people to relate in new, â€Å"placeless† ways. This is aligned with the argument of Benedict Arnold who, in his Imagined Communities, showed how mass media is implicated in the â€Å"imaginations† of national and other identities, where â€Å"it [the nation] is imagined as a community, because, regardless of the actual inequality and exploitation that may prevail in each, the nation is always conceived as a deep, horizontal comradeship† an â€Å"imagined community† that is interlinked through shared, mass media experiences and identities (2006, 7). However, because of this one-way or unidirectional technique, mass communication is open to greater fluctuations in responses. As blah argues in a cultural history of radio, there have been times when it was both the primary device for popular entertainment in the home, but also a time when it was not responded to at all (2002, 2-3). Such transformations have a greater effect on the kinds of information transmitted on these media; while it was once characterised by popular, talk entertainment, radio is increasingly a site for music, with talk entertainment having been taken over by audio-visual broadcasts on digital TV, and through audio-visual mass communication on the internet. At the same time, this technology, because of its fluctuations and its impacts, has been a site for greater anxiety than telecommunications; numerous theories of â€Å"media injection† have linked mass media with violent behaviour (such as shootings and â€Å"copycat† killings, such as the rece nt Batman cinema shootings in America). This anxiety stems from the concern over who controls and therefore authorises mass communication, and thus of how it implies a less visible â€Å"systems of oppression† than telecommunications (where personal, emotional lenses are used to internet messages and information received) (Peterson, 2005, 105). It is interesting than that, with the recent Snowden/NSA/GCHQ revelations, that telecommunications has been implicated in the same anxieties that used to structure television and mass media (Gauntlett and Hill, 1999, 72). The internet, however, offers a technology where the main distinctions between telecommunications and mass communication break down and interact. Media such as Twitter, a social networking and interactive tool, are both mass media and telecommunications in their infrastructure and technique ; a â€Å"tweet†, or message, can be broadcast to a posters followers (from 0 to millions), while there is also a channel for responding directly – the reply. Similarly, channels such as YouTube allow for individuals to post video content to a mass audience, but also have the feature that enable the viewer to comment and respond. Importantly, however, these responses are not private, but also public; they therefore become part of the public sphere while also being, in a sense, â€Å"point-to-point†. This essay has defined telecommunications (point-to-point) and mass media (point-to-many), and has also described their primary differences. Furthermore, it has outlined, however briefly, the kinds of implications these differences have. In the final section of the essay, it was argued that new and emergent forms of mass communication are unique in so far as they combine aspects of both techniques of communication. Bibliography Anderson, B (2006) Imagined Communities: reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Verso Gauntlett, D and Hill, A (1999) TV Living: television, culture and everyday life. London: Routledge Hilmes, M and Loviglio, J (2002) Radio Reader: essays in the cultural history of radio. Psychology Press Isaac, P and McKay, B (2000) The Mighty Engine: the printing press and its impact. Oak Knoll Press McQuail, D (2010) McQuails Mass Communication Theory (Sixth Edition). SAGE Peterson, M (2005) Anthropology Mass Communication: media and myth in the new millennium. Berghahn Books 1

Choice and Free Will Essay -- Psychology

â€Å"Free will† is the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate. Free will has long been debated by scholars, philosophers, and psychologists. It is a subject that has been argued, theorized, and predicted to the extent of human ability, but recent data has been brought up by two psychologists named Shirley Matile Ogletree and Crystal D. Oberle. These two psychologists assess surveys given to college level students to evaluate the â€Å"common† or â€Å"plain† perspective of free will. They also bring up the questions like â€Å"Is free will compatible with determinism?,† â€Å"What is meant by free will and determinism by the average person?,† and â€Å"Does it make a difference what attitudes people have regarding free will and determinism?† Free will and deterministic perspectives are exceedingly argumentative points of view with hard deterministic views describing free will as non existent, and libertarian views d escribing free will as freely chosen actions being done by an autonomic organism, which led me to believe that both agents are apart of everyday choices with the free will perspective being a more logical and acceptable way of assessing human behavior. Ogletree and Oberle describe hard determinism â€Å"as completely caused by a combination of genetics, past experiences, and current circumstance, also clearly supports the incompatibility of determinism and free will—free will simply doesn’t exist.† This perspective is the most extreme of all deterministic views. It is a view that the authors of my source perceive as the explanation of human behavior. Although, there are other deterministic views held by others that do not take this extreme position. Soft determinism can be explained as humans being exhibited to both det... ...etic base pair of the possible three billion differences, the one different nucleic acid, the one different protein, and all the way down to the non living particles of which we were created from. It is this difference in each one of us that stems choice. The presence of choice is considered, to me, as free will. When fate lends its hand out to us with another option, fate, itself, is offering us choice, but is the choice we make already chosen for us? Works Cited Oberle, Crystal and Ogletree, Shirley . â€Å"The Nature, Common Usage, And Implications Of Free Will And Determinism.† Behavior and Philosophy. 1 December 2008. 1 December 2010. Coon, Dennis and Mitterer, John. â€Å"Psychology: A Journey.† Printed in the United States. 2010