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Question: Discuss about theSystem Thinking For Sustainable Changes. Answer: Introduction: The term system thinking defines a disciplined management and understanding of situation and examining the issues to take decision about that relevant matter. It is a holistic approach to judge the constituent parts and how system work over time. It can be used in any area of research and study including environment, politics, economy, human resource and many others. The system thinking defines a systematic approach for resolving issues in our daily life(Gandois et al 2013). A technical and calculated approach helps to judge the situation and measure the risks and positive approach related to it. the study will discuss about the system thinking that will develop solution for sustainability challenges. The term sustainability defines some measures to meet the need of the present situation. The sustainability challenge for forestation will be discussed in the study. The importance and side effects of deforestation, how to deal with the issues, what are the issues and what will be the s ide effect after the sustainable development will be discussed in the following study. Background: The term deforestation means clearance or removal of forest, trees or greenery from nature. The cutting down of trees for making new product is termed as deforestation. The trees are cut down for utilization of their products like stem, bark, juices. The forests are also cleared for utilizing the land for building houses, factory, recreation zone and many other things. The process has been followed since a long time and has resulted to a disastrous outcome. The reason for deforestation are human development and sustainability, however, they have forgotten that the natural resources also needs to be sustained to maintain a balance in the ecosystem. The need for plants is everywhere thus the human must assure a sustainable development for such resources. Deforestation is a destruction of large areas or rainforests for logging, urbanization, mining, agriculture. It is estimated 18 million acres of forest are lost per year. This can be a serious threat to the eco system and nature. Defor estation is not only cutting down of trees only, it refers to the loss of habitat of thousand s of living organism. Impacts: The impacts of deforestations are severe in nature. The forest life consists of the habitats of thousand of living organisms. It has a negative impact on environment by loosing millions of species. According to (Lienhoop and Brouwer 2015) 80% of the Earths land animals and plants live in forests and cannot survive without forest. Thus if this resource is eliminated from the Earth then these animals will die or suffer in nature. Deforestation also balances the climate or weather of that particular area. It is estimated that the worlds arable land has been l=already lost due to deforestation. A clear cutting of land, when the cash crops are planted it further damages the condition of the soil thus resulting soil erosion. The deforestation causes severe damage to many aspects of nature and they are: Damage to the soil: Due to excess removal of plants in nature the soils are effected very badly. The trees hold the soil together just as if an anchor.teh removal of trees makes the soil weak and lose, thus causing soil erosion and degradation. The soil plays a vital role in daily life. The soil is the base of Earths crust and is a vital source for living(Kucuker et al 2015). Deforestation causes a widespread soil erosion thus washing away the water from its desired destination. Impact in climate: the environment can be highly effected due to deforestation. The tropical rain forests move more water than other ecosystem on land, the plants turn the soil water into moisture in nature thus providing a cooling atmosphere in nature. The forest determines the rain fall in that area and maintains a balance in the ecosystem. The forest determines the heat of the area. The more forest a place has the less heat they face, however a reduction in forest increases the heat of the area. Loss of habitat: The plants and trees in a forest consist of the habitat of millions of living being. Due to deforestation, these animals lose their habitat resulting to their death. Thus, when the nature is losing plants it is not only losing the greenery but also the fauna of that particular region(Lawrence and Vandecar 2015). The species that are dependent on the forest of the area are dying. This is resulting to a loss of animal life also. The species are becoming rare or extinct due to the loss of greenery. Increase in pollution: the leading population is increasing the scope of pollution in the nature. These pollutions can be replaced only by proper maintenance and fresh air in nature. Plants are a major source for fresh air and oxygen in nature. Due to deforestation, the trees are cut down thus decreasing the sources of fresh air in nature. The pollutions are also increasing in nature without any replacement for fresh air(Haim, White and Alig 2015). Thus, deforestation can cause a serious damage to the air condition also. Impact on water cycle: the forest transports a large quantity of water in the atmosphere. The trees in nature somehow maintain the water balance. The soil water is transferred to nature making the air moisture retained and cool. The loss of plants will reduce the scope for retaining back the water into nature and thus the water cycle will be hampered in nature. The water received from the plants makes the area cooler and maintains the temperature of that area. However, a loss in this water resources makes the area more dry and without rain(Salih et al 2013). These are the major damages caused by the human activity, deforestation. The mankind never thought of the side effects and kept on depleting the plant sources thus resulting to harmful side effects(Lorenz and Pitman 2014). There is an urgency now to take systematic steps to prevent this resource by necessary steps. The following paragraphs will discuss about the possible steps that must be taken to maintain the resources in a sustainable manner. It is high time to take steps to prevent any further deforestation in nature. People must realize the damage that has been already caused to the nature by the human activities. Few major steps must be taken to improve the situation in future. Enhancing afforestation: the government and environmentalist should encourage planting more trees and plants in nature. They should reduce the scope for deforestation and plant more trees in nature. The greenery that has been already lost from nature should be retained back and maintained for future. The organizations should implement new plans of planting new trees and maintaining the greenery in nature (Komonen et al 2016). The organizations must make sure that the random cutting down of trees must be stopped and strict action must be taken for them who are cutting down more trees. Recycle and reuse of forest products: people should make sure that the products that are obtained from plants and trees should not be wasted. Instead, they should reuse the same products for further use in future. The products can be recycled for making products. This will help to reduce the cutting down of trees in nature. The recycled products will be formed by the use of previous products thus helping to save plants. The organizations must maintain the recycle and reuse strategies to prevent any further disturbance to nature and forests in future. Implementation of strict law: The countries or the environmentalists of the country should introduce strict laws against deforestation. The laws should be implemented for cutting down or trees, reducing plants growth, clearance of land, forest fire. The laws should be serious and strict so that the population may think twice before cutting down trees or practising slash burning in nature. The requirement for cutting down of trees should be well justifies, however, direct cutting down of trees should not be supported instead they can use a part of the trees that will sustain the trees. Use of alternate sources: the organizations can use alternate resources and substitutes to use in replacement of the plants products. The plants products can be altered by some other product and can be used in nature. The human to make their lifestyle easy and simple uses the plant products. These products are taken from plants in return of the plant life. The forest life is hampered due to building of factories, complexes and growing crops(Lu et al 2014). People must use the land with sustainable decisions. They can use land that do not have proper plantation or is not a forest. Apart from forestland there are many barren land that can be used for all these development. People must use these lands to save the forest land and culture. Sometimes the products that are required to produce products that require plant resources can be replaced by other sources that can replace that source. This will save the plant life and forest culture in that particular area. Protected areas must be created: the government must make sure to prevent deforestation and support forestation in nature. They can protect few special areas like park, forest from being damaged by humans. These areas will have a special resource of greenery and will remain untouched by humankind. The government can use strict plans and laws to protect these areas thus proving some greenery to the concrete environment(Robalino and Pfaff 2013). The government can support organizations that are taking initiative to protect the greenery of the area and are enhancing the sense of greenery to the society. They can arrange for workshop and street shows to attract the mass for informing them about the importance of greenery. This might help the society to realize the damage that been already caused and they might also realize the upcoming issues that they all have to face due to this massive damage. Creation of special security unit: the government must create a special unit for safeguarding the environment. The measures that the government will take to protect the natural greenery should be more strict and strong to make it mandatory for the others to safeguard the greenery and plant more trees(Arima et al 2014). The government must make sure to introduce strict policy to the society so that they take measurable steps to protect the plants and forests in nature. The government must impose serious punishments for the offender and prevent such risk taking works(Sadeghi et al 2016). Thus, to conclude it can be said that the natural sources are rare in nature and will deplete if not preserved in a sustainable manner. The natural resources are the basic support for living beings to survive on earth. Unfortunately, humans are unable to realize the related risk that can be a serious threat if not preserved properly. Greenery or forest is one of the important factor in nature and has to be well maintained. The use of forest has increased so much in the recent past that it is having a negative impact in the environment. The excess reduction of plants and trees are increasing the risk to living organisms. The habit of million species is hampered and there is an increase in pollution and in nature. Before it is too late every one must take measurable steps to prevent any further degradation in nature. The greenery must be saved with sustainable development skills. The government and environmentalist along with the conservatives must take measurable steps to save the nat ure and its natural resources. If the nature is saved then only human life will be saved on earth. Thus the recommended measures must be followed to maintain a well balanced eco system. The greener the Earth becomes the better the lifes will become. References: Arima, E.Y., Barreto, P., Arajo, E. and Soares-Filho, B., 2014. Public policies can reduce tropical deforestation: Lessons and challenges from Brazil.Land use policy,41, pp.465-473. Gandois, L., Cobb, A.R., Hei, I.C., Lim, L.B.L., Salim, K.A. and Harvey, C.F., 2013. Impact of deforestation on solid and dissolved organic matter characteristics of tropical peat forests: implications for carbon release.Biogeochemistry,114(1-3), pp.183-199. Haim, D., White, E.M. and Alig, R.J., 2015. 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